International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Issue-1(January), Volume-2 2025

1. Conceptual Evaluation of the Impact of the Link between Remote Working...
28

Assoc. Prof. Yesim Sirakaya*
Assoc. Prof, Department of Psychology, St Clements University
1-9
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17345934

This article discusses the effects of remote working on work-life balance and its reflections on employee motivation in a conceptual framework. In today's business world, with the advancement of technology and changing business dynamics, the adoption of the remote working model has become widespread. However, understanding the effects of remote working on work-life balance and employee motivation is of strategic importance for organizations. The article examines the advantages and challenges of this working model, focusing primarily on the definition and evolution of remote working. The effects of remote working on work-life balance are detailed in terms of flexibility, time management, work-family conflict, and individual needs. Additionally, its relationship with work-life balance elements such as employees' psychological and social well-being, job satisfaction and productivity is analyzed. Next, the connections between work-life balance and employee motivation are evaluated. How the remote working model shapes employee motivation and elements such as task satisfaction, job satisfaction, workload management and social interaction as motivation factors are discussed. Within the framework of motivation theories, it is emphasized how remote working affects the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of employees. Using a literature review and conceptual analysis method, the article examines previous research and theories assessing the effects of telecommuting on motivation. The findings reveal the potential for remote working to improve work-life balance, as well as its contradictory effects on increasing or decreasing employee motivation. In conclusion, the article highlights that organizations should consider the interactions between work-life balance and employee motivation when developing remote working strategies. It also concludes that future research is needed to better understand the long-term effects of remote work.

2. Financial Inclusion as a catalyst for wealth creation and Entrepreneus...
14

Nnedinso Anthonia*
Department of Accounting, Institute of Capital Market Studies Nasarawa State University, Keffi
10-15

Nigeria is rich in natural resources, but according to the latest Human Development Index ranking, publicly available data shows that the country is very poor due to underdeveloped human and financial resources. Accounting refers to the delivery and delivery of financial instruments and services to all customers who need their services, usually through various providers, mainly the private sector. In order to create a good investment environment and create jobs for economic development, the country needs to develop a skilled workforce in areas where it can compete and compare well. Lack of finance, inadequate infrastructure, corruption and outdated regulations are responsible for the weak economy. The study emphasizes good governance, adequate financing, policy continuity, MSME friendly policies and the promotion of entrepreneurship and professionalism as solutions.

3. Bacteriological Contaminants of Ready-to-Eat Yellow Achu Soup Sold in...
10

Nodem Falonne Flavie*, Dr Tata Elvis Fon, Esoh Rene Tanwieh, Brain Tarawo Kwinji, Awizoba Hodabalo, Laisin Mariette Vernyuy
Pinnacle University Institute of Health and Technology Bamenda/University of Bamenda
16-28

Street foods have become a major concern for public health due to their high implication in the increased incidence of food-borne diseases reasons likely due to the unawareness of most vendors on food safety and hygiene or failure to follow proper food handling and personal hygiene practices. Yellow achu soup is a palm oil/water mixture partially emulsified using Kanwa or nikih. It remains one of the most sold and highly appreciated soups used for the consumption of achu in the North-West and West region of Cameroon surely due to its traditional value and cherished taste. However, this soup is usually eaten without pasteurization therefore it is likely to be susceptible to many contaminants. This cross-sectional study carried out at Bamenda from February to March 2024 aimed to determine the bacterial contaminants of ready-to-eat yellow achu soup sold in Bamenda municipality. To achieve this, 45 yellow achu samples were collected in some randomly selected Bamenda I, II, and III restaurants using sterile containers and administered questionnaires. The samples were then aseptically transported to the Science for Life Foundation Laboratory where they were immediately inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar respectively. The culture plates were then incubated at 37?C for 24 hours and bacterial isolates were identified using conventional bacterial identification techniques. Out of the 45 samples collected, 37 samples were positive for the bacteria giving a percentage contamination of 82.2%. The following organisms were identified: Salmonella spp (46.6%), Escherichia coli (11.6 %), Shigella spp (4.7 %), Klebsiella spp (4.7%), Enterobacter spp (2.3%), staphylococcus aureus (23.2%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci spp (7%). It was therefore recommended that the Minister of Public Health should organize training seminars to educate street vendors on food safety and hygiene.

4. Devlopment and Formulation of Herbal Biscuits from Ashwagandha Root Po...
7

Vaishnavi S. Hole*, Vaishnavi U. Shirsole, Suyog S. Gole, Mrunali S. Potbhare
Shri Swami Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, At.Parsodi, Dhamangaon Rly,Amravati
29-34

This study explores the development and evaluation of herbal biscuits incorporating ashwagandha root powder (Withania somnifera) and ragi flour (Eleusine coracana) to enhance their antidiabetic properties. Ashwagandha is well-known for its adaptogenic and medicinal properties, including blood sugar regulation, while ragi is a millet rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, and bioactive compounds, which are beneficial for managing diabetes. The preparation of herbal biscuits is a cutting-edge, futuristic study in the Research field of preparing useful foods. Herbal biscuits were made for this study with wheat flour, ragi flour, milk, ghee or white butter, stevia powder, baking powder, baking soda, vanilla extract, and powdered ashwagandha root. Various formulations were created to determine the optimal ratio for maximum acceptability and health benefits. Sensory evaluation was conducted to assess taste, texture, aroma, and appearance etc. it was discovered that the contents of 33 grams of wheat flour, 35 grams of ragi flour, 29 grams of stevia powder, 17 grams of unsalted white butter, and 2 grams of ashwagandha were all found to be highly acceptable. For the second flavor of biscuit, Ghee was substituted for white butter in order to enhance the flavor. Ghee was also prepared using the same method and ingredient combination . Given their nutritional advantages, ghee biscuits are superior to unsalted white butter ones. These herbal biscuits could serve as a functional food product, offering a convenient and effective way to incorporate bioactive compounds beneficial for managing diabetes into the diet.

5. Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration and Water Quality...
8

Abdulazeez, A.M., Mohammed, S.A., Agada, J.*, Saidu, A., Adamu, S.U., Amira, M.K., Idujagi, O.S., Jamila, M.M., Winner, L., Ransom, U.J., Joseph, I.B.
Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, Nigeria
35-40

: The water we drink is essential as it plays vital role in our welfare and healthy life. Heavy metals make our water unsafe. This study seeks to evaluate Heavy Metals Concentration and Water Quality in Malali Water work, Kaduna. Using standard procedures, heavy metals concentrations were determined. Significant difference in monthly concentrations was observed of nickel in the raw water samples. The values obtained ranged between 0.053 and 0.742 mg/L. Data obtained for Ni in raw water samples were seen to be higher than permissible limits set by the WHO (0.02 mg/L) and NSDWQ (0.07 mg/L). Chromium concentrations in raw water samples were between 0.0098mg/L (January) and 0.073 mg/L (July), with the monthly mean values presents significant differences. Significant differences were also observed in concentrations of copper in raw water samples with the values ranging between 0.57?0.54 mg/L (January) and 1.658?0.05 mg/L (September) and the values were within the NSDWQ permissible limit of 2 mg/L. although lead and other heavy metals are poisonous at certain level, their presence in water may be that contaminants may have been washed into the water body. Common sources of pollution in water include household paint, Lead batteries, fertilizers, and metal based-pesticides. In conclusion, Heavy metal content in treated water were generally within permissible range presented by WHO and NSDWQ, except iron concentration that was beyond permissible limits presented by WHO.

6. Determination of Bacteriological Parameters in Raw water and Treated W...
7

Abdulazeez, A.M., Agada, J.*, Mohammed, S.A., Saidu, A., Amira, M.K., Idujagi, O.S., Adamu, S.U., Winner, L., Ransom, U.J., Joseph, I.B., Jamila, M.M.
Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, Nigeria
41-44

The benefits of portable water are enormous because it is essential for living organism?s welfare and healthy living. A large number of over 1 billion individuals has been estimated that they do not have access to useful water and about 2.4 billion the entire population are short of essential sanitation. This study was set out to determine bacteriological parameters of raw and treated water within the premises of Malali water works, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Standard techniques were employed to identify and determine some bacteria associated with water of Malali Water Works, findings were therefore related to permissible limits. The result showed that Coliform was present both in treated water, E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas were only present in raw water. This implies therefore that there were no bacteria observed in treated water at Malali Water Works, Kaduna State. It can be concluded therefore that treated water from the Malali water works is of better quality than raw and untreated water. Generally, treated water in the area is free of the bacteria checked for. Routine research should be consistently carried out to in Malali Water Works and other places where water is purified for human consumption.

7. ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES ON THE FINANCIAL PE...
10

Prince Dacosta Anaman* , Emmanuel Aidoo, Joseph Kumbankyet
Accounting Department, Perez University College, Winneba
45-55

: The impact of geographical and product diversification on the financial performance of non-financial enterprises listed on the Ghana stock exchange is investigated in this study. The objective is to find out how various diversification measures affect the profitability of the company. The research used a number of statistical methods, such as correlation and multiple regression analyses, using data gathered from a cross-section of businesses outside of the banking sector. Distributing resources across different product lines might not boost profitability, according to the results, which show that product diversification hurts financial performance. However, geographical diversification was found to have a positive effect, albeit relatively modest, indicating that expanding into new geographic markets can contribute to enhanced firm competitiveness and value creation. These findings add to what is already known about the relationship between company diversity and financial performance, and they show how important it is for managers to weigh the pros and cons of various diversification techniques. The study emphasizes the importance of considering industry and market characteristics when making strategic decisions regarding diversification.

8. Natural Resource Depletion and Economic Growth in Nigeria
12

Endurance Keyamo
Department of Aviation Business, African Aviation and Aerospace University, Abuja
56-65

This study empirically investigated the relationship between resource depletion and economic growth in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the paper were to evaluate the impact of resource drivers on natural resource depletion as well as the impact of resource depletion and environmental pollution on economic growth. The study employed time series data from 1990 to 2022 on real gross domestic product (RGDP), population growth (POP), total natural resource depletion (R_DEP) and energy depletion (E_DEP) - proxied as the percentage of gross national income ? while CO2 emission and human capital index (HDI) served to proxy environmental pollution and human capital development, respectively. Moreover, the paper utilised the ARDL and the Johansen Cointegration approach in the estimation of the specified models. The findings of the study show that economic activities and population growth significantly devalue natural resources in the short run, while human capital index has a countervailing influence on natural resource depletion. In addition, the findings revealed evidence of the existence of long-run relationship between energy depletion, CO2 emission, HDI and economic growth, as well as unidirection causality from energy depletion to human capital development. The paper therefore recommended the strategic development of human resource capital as it is a vital ingredient for evolving alternatives to resource dependence.

9. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Essential oil from Citrus S...
15

Tchoumtchoua Tiam Gerald Silvere*, Dr Tata Elvis Fon, Esoh Rene Tanwieh, Brain Tarawo Kwinji, Kiranjot Kaur, Awizoba Hodabalo
Traning School for senior lab technicians Bamenda-Cameroon
66-78

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the majority of African nations, where the health care system has been gradually collapsing due to rising disease rates, conflicts, poverty, starvation, and overall environmental degradation, health care-associated and community infections continue to be an issue. Since the 60s since Cameroon had its independence, the country has not been blessed with a single Drug discovery owned by the state. Purchase of pharmaceutical imported drugs lead to a heavy loss of state revenue, and the development policy has not been focused on available local resources (mainly medicinal plants) OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity of essential oil extract from Citrus sinensis and Cupressocyparis leylandii on some bacterial and fungal skin pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out an experimental study that included all the material and reagents: Disposable petri dishes, Wireloop, Incubator, speculum, Commercially prepared powder of nutrient agar, sabouraud dextrose agar and Muller Hinton agar, Alkaline peptone powder, Brain-heart effusion broth, An autoclave, distiller, blender, Dry test tubes, Pasteur pipette. RESULTS: We isolated pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and candida spp for the study. Phytochemical screening results revealed that Oil extract of Cupressocyparis leylandii was highly positive for flavonoids, resins and tannins. It also contained a small amount of glycosides but was negative for alkaloids and saponins. Oil extract of Citrus sinensis was positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, tannins, saponins but lacked glycosides. Essential oil of orange peels was sensitive against Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of inhibition of 7 mm. Candida spp showed resistance to the extract. Essential oil from cypress was sensitive against Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of inhibition of 25mm but Candida spp showed resistance CONCLUSION: This study has proven that the fresh peels of Citrus sinensis and Cupressocyparis leylandii possess chemical compounds that are active against bacteria and it is believed to be a promising source for new antimicrobial agents for cosmetic purposes.

10. Role of Independent Directors in Ensuring Good Corporate Governance in...
15

Md Jaber Parvez, FCS*
BICM, MAFCM, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
79-87
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14753458

Independent directors promote transparency, accountability, and fairness in corporate management. In Bangladesh, with corporate governance challenges such as concentrated ownership, lack of regulatory enforcement, and a nascent corporate governance culture, independent directors must address the gaps in monitoring and decision-making. This paper examines the role of independent directors in ensuring good corporate governance with a focus on the ability of independent directors to mitigate conflicts of interest, improve board effectiveness and protect minority shareholders. By analyzing the legal framework, corporate practices and challenges faced by independent directors in Bangladesh, the study highlights the impact of independent directors in improving board dynamics and organizational health. The findings highlight the need for greater regulatory support, robust selection criteria, and appropriate training to enable independent directors to perform their duties effectively. The study concludes with recommendations for policy reforms and capacity-building efforts to enhance the contribution of independent directors in promoting sustainable corporate governance in Bangladesh.

11. Modeling and Simulation of ‘Univariate and Multivariate analysis by ap...
24

Rakib Uddin*
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University Bangladesh.
88-98
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14753484

: Time series forecasting plays a vital role in data-driven decision-making across various domains. This thinking centers on the modeling and recreation of univariate and multivariate analytics utilizing profound learning and machine learning strategies. Other calculations are connected to foresee time arrangement information within the neural arrangement show, particularly for the Sylhet locale of Bangladesh. The investigation investigates distinctive estimating approaches, counting conventional machine learning models. The execution of these models is assessed utilizing key mistake measurements such as RMSE, R-squared, MAE, and MAPE to decide their precision and effectiveness. The discoveries provide experiences in the adequacy of distinctive strategies in capturing complex worldly designs in univariate and multivariate datasets. This considers points to improve prescient analytics for climate, financial matters, and other time-dependent components within the Sylhet locale, contributing to made strides in decision-making and key arranging.





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